1st woman to give evidence to a House of commons Select Committee 27 February 1817.

1780: Elizabeth Fry born.

1785: Visit of John Howard (Howard League for PR) & Jerimiah Fitzpatrick vist Wicklow Gaol and issue 13 fundamental recommendations including sex segregation of prisoners because they witnessed the sexual degradation of female prisoners (women and girls) by not only male prisoners but also the guards (soldiers) in largely communal prisons.

1790: John Howard dies in Kherson in the then Russian Empire.

1813: Quaker Stephen Grellet urges Elizabeth Fry to visit (& do something about) Newgate Gaol.

27 Feb 1818: First woman to give evidence to a HoC Select Committee:

...the rape and sexual exploitation of female prisoners (women & girls) by not only male prisoners (men and boys) but also the soldiery who guarded them in largely communal prisons of that era.

1818: Elizabeth Fry sees off Stephen Grellet & William Allen on their trip around the then Russian Empire (in the footsteps of John Howard) where they urged sex segregation upon Russian officials backed by the Emperor Alexander I.

Elizabeth Fry never went to Russian Empire but was in correspondence with both Emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I (brothers) their Empress Mother and both wives (Empresses) whop set up St Peterbsurg Society for Penal Reform echoing others across Europe.

1 Jan 1823: Royal Assent

1 Sept 1823: Gaols Act went into force (with limited impact until Prisons Inspection Act)

• female sex segregated prisons

• female warders for female prisoners

with impact across the whole of the then British Empire.

1827: Elizabeth Fry visits Dublin to meet with  Hibernian Society for Penal Reform.

1835: Prison Inspection Act - for enforcement of Gaols Act

1837: First female sex segregation prison in the British "Isles" (? then British Empire?) opens in Dublin Grangegorman Prison (Mountjoy now?).

1840: Catherine Carroll incarcerated in Grangegorman prison for 'ribbon felony' - great, great great grandmother of... Clare B Dimyon in the maternal line.