Prison Reform since 1750s
and other joins to Quakers, philanthropists & engineers around the then Russian Empire.
Embedded Files
Emperor Alexander I
1777- 1825
William Allen FRS
1814, 1818-19
Emperor Nicholas I
1796-1855
reign: 1826-1855
1st Head of State to visit a prison
Jerimiah Fitzpatrick MD
1740-1810
1700 Prison conditions in Ireland - Museum of Wicklow Gaol
1785 John Howard visits Wicklow Gaol with Jeremiah Fitzpatrick MD - they issue 13 recommendations.
1796 Prisons Act
1820 Memorial to John Howard erected in Kherson upon orders to Emperor Alexander I.
Van Dieman's Women: History of Transportation of women from Wicklow to Tasmania
1785 Visit
12 Sept 1812 - Birth of 8th child Hannah Fry
1813 Stephen Grellet urges Elizabeth Fry to visit Newgate Gaol.
1813 First visit to Newgate prison where she witnessed appalling conditions for women & children.
14 June 1814 - Birth of 9th child Louisa
18 April 1816 - Birth of 10th child Samuel
1816 Second visit to Newgate Gaol.
27 Feb 1817 Elizabeth Fry gives evidence to HOC Select Committee - 1st woman in history to do so.
1 Feb 1821 Parramatta Female Factory - opened its doors to inmates.
1823 Gaols Act - into force 1 Sept - across the whole of the then British Empire - then quarter of globe.
1827 Elizabeth Fry visits Hibernian Society for Penal Reform in Dublin.
1836 Grangegorman Female Penitentiary opens - - "as the first exclusively female prison in the British Isles."
1835 Prison Act - prison inspections to enforce 1823 Gaols Act.
12 Oct 1845 death of Elizabeth Fry
Elizabeth (Guerney) Fry
1780-1845
William Allen FRS
1740-1810
Daniel Wheeler
1770-1840
Quaker Burial Ground
Shushary 1840
Petersburgh
Joseph Sturge
1793-1860
Feb 1855 St Pburg
1818-19 Stephen Grellet & William Allen travel through Russian Empire - prison reform as well as other education endeavours en route.
https://dn720602.ca.archive.org/0/items/memoirsoflifegos01grel/memoirsoflifegos01grel.pdf
Petersburg | Tver | Moscow | | Tula | Oryol | Kursk | Belgorod | Kharkiv | Ekaterinoslav (Dnipro) | Kherson | Mikolaiv | Odessa
Emperor Nicholas I
[dates] Elizabeth Fry in correspondence with Emperors Alexander I and Nicholas II, the Empress Mother (Мария Фёдоровна | Sophie of Württemberg) and Empresses Alexandra and Elizabeth, instrumental in the St Petersburg Society for Penal Reform.
1830 First Head of State visits a prison - St Peterburg, Nikolas I paid debts of 3 debtors which released them.
Elizabeth Fry
Betsy Fry
Empress Mother
Мария Фёдоровна
Sophie of Württemberg
1759 – 1828
Nicholas I & Alexandra
Алекса́ндра Фёдоровна
1798 - 1860
Alexander I & Elizabeth
Елизавета Алексеевна
1779 – 1826
Emperor Alexander I
1771-1825
1801-25
Emperor Nicholas I
1796-1855
1826-55
How could I know when I travelled around Ukraine in 2012, I was treading in some very serious footsteps?
Sex Specifics Stats © 2024 Clare B Dimyon
...and other joins...
John James Hughes
Yuzovka
Юзовке
"Hughes"
Statue - City Hall,
Donetsk 1869
Юзовке
Emperor Alexander II
1855-
1801-25
Statue of Alexander II
1913
Пам'ятник Олександру II Yuzovka aka Donetsk
City of Yuzovka
Society of "NovoRossiya"
1915
Footie capital of UKRAINE
Kindertransport
1919-1923:
Architects of the Kindertransport
Quakerhilfe 16 Singerstrasse, Vienna.
Edith Pye
Bertha Bracey
Unwitting Architects of the Kindertransport
Emperor Alexander I
1771-1825
1801-25
Daniel Wheeler
"Shushary will one day be the most pleasant place in St Petersburg."
Quaker Burial Ground
Shushary
14 July 2017
15 July 1817
Jane & Jane Wheeler
Burial Ground
restored by
Pogosyan Foundation.
Joseph Sturge
1793-1860
Feb 1855 St Pburg
"Oh Mighty Prince, may the miseries and devastations of war be averted."
Nicholas I
& being familiar with Quakers & their service at Shushary Nicholas I gave Joseph Sturge an audience. Most Quakers disapproved of this mission.
Did this Quaker land reclamation project (1817-1840) change the outcome of World War 2?
Could the successful drainage of the St Pburg marshes have been instrumental in a viable city, tying down one of three Nazi armies Siege of Leningrad 1941-44?
When Daniel Wheeler (son) had to leave due to ill-health, he ensured graves of his sister and mother (both Jane) could not be disturbed. Nicholas I understood Quakers weren't big on rewards and titles so granted this as a Quaker Burial Ground in perpetuity. 1917 Revolution.
Wikipedia helpfully describes:
This work was published on territory of the Russian Empire (Russian Republic) except for territories of the Grand Duchy of Finland and Congress Poland before 7 November 1917 and wasn't re-published for 30 days following initial publications on the territory of Soviet Russia or any other countries.
The Russian Federation (early Soviet Russia, RSFSR) is the historical heir but not legal successor of the Russian Empire, and the Russian Empire was not party to the Berne Convention (it was not country of Union for the protection of the rights of authors in their literary and artistic works), so according to article 5 of the Convention this work has no country of origin except:
in the case of cinematographic work the maker of which has his headquarters or his habitual residence in a country of the Union, the country of origin shall be that country,
in the case of of architecture erected in a country of the Union or other artistic works incorporated in a building or other structure located in a country of the Union, the country of origin shall be that country,
in the case of other works if the author is a national of a country of the Union¹, the country of origin shall be that country.
¹ - Author who is not a national of a country of the Union but who has his habitual residence in a country of the Union, be assimilated to national of that country.
The exclusive rights to this work do not extend on territory of the Russian Federation according to article 1256 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (details), because this work does not meet the requirements on the territory of publication, on the author's nationality, and on obligations for international treaties.
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